Re: How to deal with this tapeworm?

No, but I play one on the internet.

Yes, Tapeworms have jaws that hook on to the host. You can pass segments all day long but until you pass the scolex, that freaky bastard will just keep growing back.
They are visible depending on the condition they're in when you finally pass it.
If you have a doctor that's knowledgeable with the whole parasite thing, ask to see their books. There are entire pages with Tapeworm head photos that show their jaw and demonstrates the hooking mechanism.